Wajid Ali Shah

🪔 About

Mirza Wajid Ali Shah (30 July 1822 – 1 September 1887) was the eleventh and last King of Awadh, reigning from 13 February 1847 to 11 February 1856. He is widely recognized as a pivotal figure in the revival and development of Indian classical dance, particularly Kathak. A poet, playwright, and musician, Wajid Ali Shah was not merely a patron of the arts but also a skilled Kathak dancer and choreographer himself. He received his Kathak training under the tutelage of esteemed gurus Thakur Prasad and Durga Prasad. During his reign, Wajid Ali Shah declared Kathak as the official court dance, significantly elevating its status and popularity. He is credited with the creation of the 'Rahas,' a form of dance drama choreographed in the Kathak style, in which he actively participated alongside the women of his court. It is believed that he conceived and documented thirty-six distinct types of Rahas, detailing their costumes, jewelry, and stagecraft in his book, "Bani." His artistic vision also led to the flourishing of the Lucknow gharana of Kathak, known for its elegance (nazakat) and finesse (nafasat). Beyond dance, Wajid Ali Shah was a prolific composer, writing over 40 works, including numerous thumris, under the pseudonym "Akhtarpiya." He also composed new ragas such as Jogi, Juhi (or Jithi), and Shah Pasand. His contributions significantly enhanced the status of thumri, integrating it as a vital part of the Kathak repertoire. He established institutions like the 'Parikhana' for the training of female dancers, further solidifying his legacy as a profound influencer of Indian performing arts.